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<title>Microsecond</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Microsecond</span></span>

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</style><table class="infobox ib-unit"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">microsecond</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="System_of_units_of_measurement" title="System of units of measurement">Unit system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="SI" class="mw-redirect" title="SI">SI</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unit of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Time" title="Time">time</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Symbol</th><td class="infobox-data">μs</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Conversions

</th></tr><tr class="nowrap"><td>1 μs <i>in ...</i></td><td><i>... is equal to ...</i></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2">

</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">   </span><a href="SI_units" class="mw-redirect" title="SI units">SI units</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">   </span><span class="nowrap">10<sup>−6</sup> <a href="Second" title="Second">s</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">

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<p>A <b>microsecond</b> is a unit of <a href="Time" title="Time">time</a> in the <a href="International_System_of_Units" title="International System of Units">International System of Units</a> (SI) equal to one <a href="Millionth" title="Millionth">millionth</a> (0.000001 or 10<sup>−6</sup> or <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">

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</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">1,000,000</span></span>) of a <a href="Second" title="Second">second</a>. Its symbol is <b>μs</b>, sometimes simplified to <b>us</b> when <a href="Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> is not available.

</p><p>A microsecond is to one second, as one second is to approximately 11.57 days.

</p><p>A microsecond is equal to 1000 <a href="Nanosecond" title="Nanosecond">nanoseconds</a> or <span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">1,000</span></span> of a <a href="Millisecond" title="Millisecond">millisecond</a>. Because the next <a href="Metric_prefix" title="Metric prefix">SI prefix</a> is 1000 times larger, measurements of 10<sup>−5</sup> and 10<sup>−4</sup> seconds are typically expressed as tens or hundreds of microseconds.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2></div>

<ul><li>1 microsecond (1 <a href="Mu_(letter)" title="Mu (letter)">μs</a>) – cycle time for <a href="Frequency" title="Frequency">frequency</a> <span class="nowrap">1<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>6</sup> <a href="Hertz" title="Hertz">hertz</a></span> (1 MHz), the inverse unit. This corresponds to radio wavelength <a href="1_E2_m" class="mw-redirect" title="1 E2 m">300</a> <a href="Metre" title="Metre">m</a> (AM <a href="Medium_wave" title="Medium wave">medium wave</a> band), as can be calculated by multiplying 1 μs by the <a href="Speed_of_light" title="Speed of light">speed of light</a> (approximately <span class="nowrap">3.00<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>8</sup> m/s</span>).</li>

<li>1 microsecond – the length of time of a high-speed, commercial <a href="Strobe_light" title="Strobe light">strobe light</a> flash (see <a href="Air-gap_flash" title="Air-gap flash">air-gap flash</a>).</li>

<li>1 microsecond – <a href="Protein_folding" title="Protein folding">protein folding</a> takes place on the order of microseconds (thus this is the speed of <a href="Carbon-based_life" title="Carbon-based life">carbon-based life</a>).</li>

<li>1.8 microseconds – the amount of time subtracted from the Earth's <a href="Day" title="Day">day</a> as a result of the <a href="2011_T%C5%8Dhoku_earthquake_and_tsunami" title="2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami">2011 Japanese earthquake</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>2 microseconds – the lifetime of a <a href="Muonium" title="Muonium">muonium</a> particle.</li>

<li>2.68 microseconds – the amount of time subtracted from the Earth's day as a result of the <a href="2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake_and_tsunami" title="2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami">2004 Indian Ocean earthquake</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-IndianOceanNASA_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IndianOceanNASA-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>3.33564095 microseconds – the time taken by <a href="Light" title="Light">light</a> to travel one <a href="Kilometre" title="Kilometre">kilometre</a> in a <a href="Vacuum" title="Vacuum">vacuum</a>.</li>

<li>5.4 microseconds – the time taken by light to travel one <a href="Mile" title="Mile">mile</a> in a vacuum (or radio waves point-to-point in a near vacuum).</li>

<li>8 microseconds – the time taken by light to travel one mile in typical <a href="Single-mode_optical_fiber" title="Single-mode optical fiber">single-mode fiber optic cable</a>.</li>

<li>10 microseconds (μs) – cycle time for frequency <a href="Hertz" title="Hertz">100 kHz</a>, radio wavelength <a href="Orders_of_magnitude_(length)" title="Orders of magnitude (length)">3</a> <a href="Kilometre" title="Kilometre">km</a>.</li>

<li>18 microseconds – net amount per year that the length of the day lengthens, largely due to <a href="Tidal_acceleration" title="Tidal acceleration">tidal acceleration</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>20.8 microseconds – <a href="Sampling_(signal_processing)" title="Sampling (signal processing)">sampling</a> interval for digital audio with 48,000 samples/s.</li>

<li>22.7 microseconds – sampling interval for <a href="Compact_disc" title="Compact disc">CD</a> audio (44,100 samples/s).</li>

<li>38 microseconds – discrepancy in <a href="GPS" class="mw-redirect" title="GPS">GPS</a> <a href="Satellite" title="Satellite">satellite</a> time per day (compensated by clock speed) due to <a href="General_relativity" title="General relativity">relativity</a> .<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>50 microseconds – cycle time for highest <a href="Hearing_(sense)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hearing (sense)">human-audible</a> tone (20 kHz).</li>

<li>50 microseconds – to read the access latency for a modern solid state drive which holds non-volatile computer data.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>100 microseconds (0.1 ms) – cycle time for frequency 10 kHz.</li>

<li>125 microseconds – common sampling interval for telephone audio (8000 samples/s).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>164 microseconds – <a href="Half-life" title="Half-life">half-life</a> of <a href="Polonium" title="Polonium">polonium</a>-214.</li>

<li>240 microseconds – half-life of <a href="Copernicium" title="Copernicium">copernicium</a>-277.</li>

<li>260 to 480 microseconds - return trip ICMP ping time, including operating system kernel TCP/IP processing and answer time, between two Gigabit Ethernet devices connected to the same local area network switch fabric.</li>

<li>277.8 microseconds – a fourth (a 60th of a 60th of a second), used in astronomical calculations by <a href="Al-Biruni" title="Al-Biruni">al-Biruni</a> and <a href="Roger_Bacon" title="Roger Bacon">Roger Bacon</a> in 1000 and 1267 AD, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>490 microseconds – time for light at a 1550 nm frequency to travel 100 km in a singlemode fiber optic cable (where speed of light is approximately 200 million metres per second due to its <a href="Refractive_index" title="Refractive index">index of refraction</a>).</li>

<li>The average human eye <a href="Blink" class="mw-redirect" title="Blink">blink</a> takes 350,000 microseconds (just over <span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">3</span></span> second).</li>

<li>The average human finger <a href="Finger_snapping" title="Finger snapping">snap</a> takes 150,000 microseconds (just over <span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">7</span></span> second).</li>

<li>A <a href="Flash_(photography)" title="Flash (photography)">camera flash</a> illuminates for 1,000 microseconds.</li>

<li>Standard camera <a href="Shutter_speed" title="Shutter speed">shutter speed</a> opens the shutter for 4,000 microseconds or 4 milliseconds.</li>

<li>584542 years of microseconds fit in 64 bits: (2**64)/(1e6*60*60*24*365.25).</li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="International_System_of_Units" title="International System of Units">International System of Units</a></li>

<li><a href="Jiffy_(time)" title="Jiffy (time)">Jiffy (time)</a></li>

<li><a href="Orders_of_magnitude_(time)" title="Orders of magnitude (time)">Orders of magnitude (time)</a></li>

<li><a href="Millisecond" title="Millisecond">Millisecond</a></li>

<li><a href="Nanosecond" title="Nanosecond">Nanosecond</a></li>

<li><a href="Picosecond" title="Picosecond">Picosecond</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFGross2014" class="citation news cs1">Gross, R.S. (14 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2011-080">"Japan quake may have shortened Earth days, moved axis"</a>. JPL News. Jet Propulsion Laboratory<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-IndianOceanNASA-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IndianOceanNASA_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCook-AndersonBeasley2005" class="citation web cs1">Cook-Anderson, Gretchen; Beasley, Dolores (January 10, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2005/jan/HQ_05011_earthquake.html">"NASA Details Earthquake Effects on the Earth"</a>. NASA<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 18,</span> 2021</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMacDonald" class="citation news cs1">MacDonald, Fiona. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencealert.com/astronomers-find-a-day-on-earth-is-getting-longer-each-century">"Earth's Days Are Getting 2 Milliseconds Longer Every 100 Years"</a>. <i>ScienceAlert</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-03-08</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFRichard_Pogge" class="citation web cs1">Richard Pogge. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astronomy.ohio-state.edu/~pogge/Ast162/Unit5/gps.html">"GPS and Relativity"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-10-01</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/product-specifications/ssd-dc-s3500-spec.pdf">Intel Solid State Drive Product Specification</a></span>

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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKumarManjunathKuri2008" class="citation cs2">Kumar, Anurag; Manjunath, D.; Kuri, Joy (2008), <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/B9780123742544500041">"Application Models and Performance Issues"</a></span>, <i>Wireless Networking</i>, Elsevier, pp. <span class="nowrap">53–</span>79, <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fb978-012374254-4.50004-1">10.1016/b978-012374254-4.50004-1</a>, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-12-374254-4</bdi><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-08-08</span></span></cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFal-Biruni1879" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Al-Biruni" title="Al-Biruni">al-Biruni</a> (1879). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pFIEAAAAIAAJ&q=thirds&pg=PA148"><i>The chronology of ancient nations: an English version of the Arabic text of the Athâr-ul-Bâkiya of Albîrûnî, or "Vestiges of the Past"</i></a>. Translated by Sachau C Edward. <a href="W._H._Allen_%26_Co." title="W. H. Allen & Co.">W. H. Allen</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">147–</span>149. <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/9986841">9986841</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<cite id="CITEREFR_Bacon2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="Roger_Bacon" title="Roger Bacon">R Bacon</a> (2000) [1928]. <i><a href="Opus_Majus" title="Opus Majus">The Opus Majus of Roger Bacon</a></i>. translator: BR Belle. <a href="University_of_Pennsylvania_Press" title="University of Pennsylvania Press">University of Pennsylvania Press</a>. table facing page 231. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-85506-856-8</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nist.gov/pml/time-and-frequency-division">The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)</a></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Orders_of_magnitude_of_time123" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Orders_of_magnitude_(time)" title="Orders of magnitude (time)">Orders of magnitude of time</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>by <a href="Exponentiation" title="Exponentiation">powers</a> of ten</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Negative powers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Attosecond" title="Attosecond">attosecond</a></li>

<li><a href="Femtosecond" title="Femtosecond">femtosecond</a></li>

<li><a href="Picosecond" title="Picosecond">picosecond</a></li>

<li><a href="Nanosecond" title="Nanosecond">nanosecond</a></li>

<li><a href="Millisecond" title="Millisecond">millisecond</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Positive powers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Second" title="Second">second</a></li>

<li><a href="Kilosecond" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilosecond">kilosecond</a></li>

<li><a href="Megasecond" class="mw-redirect" title="Megasecond">megasecond</a></li>

<li><a href="Gigasecond" class="mw-redirect" title="Gigasecond">gigasecond</a></li>

<li><a href="Terasecond_and_longer" class="mw-redirect" title="Terasecond and longer">terasecond and longer</a></li></ul>

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